Singular patterns of skull shape and brain size change in the domestication of South American camelids
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Patterns of selection in South American camelids (Lamini) and their unique demographic history establish the llama alpaca as remarkable cases domestication among large herd animals. Skull shape is implicated many changes reported between wild domestic taxa. We apply 3D geometric morphometric methods to describe skull shape, form, size, differences four species Lamini. In so doing, we test if domesticated Lamini exhibit similar those other groups: not only skull, but also brain body size. contrast artiodactyls, very little change has occurred alpacas llamas compared counterparts. Nevertheless, are statistically significant include a flatter cranium, inclined palate increased airorhynchy domestics. Selection pressures that with on animals, well recent population bottlenecks, likely have influenced morphological patterns note High-resolution morphospace allows form (shape + size), discriminate all species, providing greatest separation. These results help differentiate morphologically Lamini, which nature distinguished mainly by provide an additional tool archaeologists for distinction remains. Most our analyses suggest marginally closer relationship vicuña, exclusion guanaco, supporting genetic relationships this group. The expected size populations lower than previously thought, 15.4% reduction llama, 6.8% alpaca. This lowest thus far Artiodactyla.
منابع مشابه
a synchronic and diachronic approach to the change route of address terms in the two recent centuries of persian language
terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...
15 صفحه اولthe analysis of the role of the speech acts theory in translating and dubbing hollywood films
از محوری ترین اثراتی که یک فیلم سینمایی ایجاد می کند دیالوگ هایی است که هنرپیش گان فیلم میگویند. به زعم یک فیلم ساز, یک شیوه متأثر نمودن مخاطب از اثر منظوره نیروی گفتارهای گوینده, مثل نیروی عاطفی, ترس آور, غم انگیز, هیجان انگیز و غیره, است. این مطالعه به بررسی این مسأله مبادرت کرده است که آیا نیروی فراگفتاری هنرپیش گان به مثابه ی اعمال گفتاری در پنج فیلم هالیوودی در نسخه های دوبله شده باز تولید...
15 صفحه اولReproduction in South American Camelids
All camelids (including the Bactrian [2 humps] and Dromedary [1 hump] old world camels) have a diploid number of 74 chromosomes. Interbreeding can occur between any of these species, producing fertile offspring. In llama and alpaca are occasionally interbred, producing an animal with longer but coarser fibre length than Alpaca. These are known as Huarizo. Using artificial insemination between o...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Mammalogy
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0022-2372', '1545-1542']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa135